Complete reference chart
Learn every International Morse code letter and number, then practice reading signals as rhythm instead of counting individual dots and dashes.
A–Z reference
Each letter is represented by a short sequence of dots and dashes. A dot is one time unit and a dash is three. Begin with the shortest patterns—E (.), T (-), I (..), A (.-), N (-.), and M (--)—before adding longer characters.
.--...-.-.-.....-.--........----.-.-..---.---.--.--.-.-....-..-...-.---..--.----..0–9 reference
Numbers always use five signals. The pattern grows from five dashes for zero to five dots for five, then reverses back toward dashes. That symmetry makes the number set easier to memorize than it first appears.
-----.----..---...--....-.....-....--...---..----.Signal spacing
Morse is a timed language. A dot lasts one unit and a dash lasts three units. Parts of the same character are separated by one unit, letters by three units, and words by seven units. Written Morse normally uses a space between letters and a slash between words.
.... . .-.. .-.. ---... --- ... / .... . .-.. .--.Common symbols
.-.-.---..--..--...----.-.-.---..-.-.--. / -.--.-.--.-.Memory shortcut
Charts are useful for reference, but fluent operators recognize the sound of a whole character. Listen to .- as “di-dah” for A instead of thinking “dot, dash.” Practice in short daily sessions, mix characters you already know with one or two new ones, and avoid tracing a visual decision tree in your head. The goal is to hear a rhythm and recognize it immediately.
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